自学教程：pygame面向对象的飞行小鸟实现(Flappy bird)

pygame.transform 里面的各种变化功能pygame.sprite 精灵模块里面的方法

import pygameimport random

MAP_WIDTH = 288 # 地图大小MAP_HEIGHT = 512FPS = 30 # 刷新率PIPE_GAPS = [110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160] # 缺口的距离 有这6个随机距离# 写的途中的全局变量都可以写在最上面 

pygame.init() # 进行初始化SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((MAP_WIDTH, MAP_HEIGHT)) # 屏幕大小pygame.display.set_caption('飞行小鸟') # 标题CLOCK = pygame.time.Clock() 

SPRITE_FILE = './images'IMAGES = {}IMAGES['guide'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'guide.png')IMAGES['gameover'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'gameover.png')IMAGES['floor'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'floor.png')SPRITE_SOUND = './audio/'SOUNDS = {} SOUNDS['start'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'start.wav')SOUNDS['die'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'die.wav')SOUNDS['hit'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'hit.wav')SOUNDS['score'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'score.wav')

def main():		menu_window()    result = game_window()    end_window(result)

if __name__ == '__main__':  main()

def menu_window():	passdef game_window():	passdef end_window(result):	pass# 这里就是写运行三种游戏界面的代码

class Bird(pygame.sprite.Sprite):  def __init__(self, x, y):    # super(Bird, self).__init__(x, y)    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)    pass  def update(self, flap=False):    pass  def go_die(self):    passclass Pipe(pygame.sprite.Sprite):  def __init__(self, x, y, upwards=True):    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)    pass  def update(self):    pass

"""Project: pygameCreator: stan ZCreate time: 2021-03-08 19:37IDE: PyCharmIntroduction:"""import pygameimport random######################################## 定义变量MAP_WIDTH = 288 # 地图大小MAP_HEIGHT = 512FPS = 30 # 刷新率PIPE_GAPS = [90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140] # 缺口的距离 有这6个随机距离# PIPE_GAPS1 = []PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE = [int(MAP_HEIGHT * 0.3), int(MAP_HEIGHT * 0.7)] # 管道长度范围PIPE_DISTANCE = 120 # 管道之间距离######################################## 游戏基本设置pygame.init() # 进行初始化SCREEN = pygame.display.set_mode((MAP_WIDTH, MAP_HEIGHT)) # 调用窗口设置屏幕大小pygame.display.set_caption('飞行小鸟byStanZ') # 标题CLOCK = pygame.time.Clock() # 建立时钟######################################## 加载素材SPRITE_FILE = './images'# 列表推导式 获得三种不同的鸟和三种状态BIRDS = [[f'{SPRITE_FILE}{bird}-{move}.png' for move in ['up', 'mid', 'down']] for bird in ['red', 'blue', 'yellow']]BGPICS = [SPRITE_FILE + 'day.png', SPRITE_FILE + 'night.png']PIPES = [SPRITE_FILE + 'green-pipe.png', SPRITE_FILE + 'red-pipe.png']NUMBERS = [f'{SPRITE_FILE}{n}.png' for n in range(10)]# 将图片设置成一个大字典 里面通过key-value存不同的场景图IMAGES = {}IMAGES['numbers'] = [pygame.image.load(number) for number in NUMBERS] # 数字素材有10张 因此遍历IMAGES['guide'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'guide.png')IMAGES['gameover'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'gameover.png')IMAGES['floor'] = pygame.image.load(SPRITE_FILE + 'floor.png')# 地板的高是一个很常用的变量 因此我们专门拿出来FLOOR_H = MAP_HEIGHT - IMAGES['floor'].get_height() # 屏幕高减去floor图片的高 就是他在屏幕里的位置SPRITE_SOUND = './sound'SOUNDS = {} # 同理声音素材也这样做SOUNDS['start'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'start.wav')SOUNDS['die'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'die.wav')SOUNDS['hit'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'hit.wav')SOUNDS['score'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'score.wav')SOUNDS['flap'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'flap.wav')SOUNDS['death'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'death.wav')SOUNDS['main'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'main_theme.ogg')SOUNDS['world_clear'] = pygame.mixer.Sound(SPRITE_SOUND + 'world_clear.wav')# 执行函数def main():  while True:    IMAGES['bgpic'] = pygame.image.load(random.choice(BGPICS)) # random的choice方法可以随机从列表里返回一个元素 白天或者黑夜    IMAGES['bird'] = [pygame.image.load(frame) for frame in random.choice(BIRDS)] # 列表推导式 鸟也是随机    pipe = pygame.image.load(random.choice(PIPES))    IMAGES['pipe'] = [pipe, pygame.transform.flip(pipe, False, True)] # flip是翻转 将管道放下面和上面 Flase水平不动，True上下翻转    SOUNDS['start'].play()    # SOUNDS['main'].play()    menu_window()    result = game_window()    end_window(result)def menu_window():  SOUNDS['world_clear'].play()  floor_gap = IMAGES['floor'].get_width() - MAP_WIDTH # 地板间隙 336 - 288 = 48  floor_x = 0  # 标题位置  guide_x = (MAP_WIDTH - IMAGES['guide'].get_width()) / 2  guide_y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.12  # 小鸟位置  bird_x = MAP_WIDTH * 0.2  bird_y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.5 - IMAGES['bird'][0].get_height() / 2  bird_y_vel = 1 # 小鸟飞行的速率 按y坐标向下  max_y_shift = 50 # 小鸟飞行的最大幅度  y_shift = 0 # 小鸟起始幅度为0  idx = 0 # 小鸟翅膀煽动频率  frame_seq = [0] * 5 + [1] * 5 + [2] * 5 + [1] * 5 # 控制小鸟翅膀运动上中下  while True:    for event in pygame.event.get(): # 监控行为      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:        quit()      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:        return    if floor_x <= -floor_gap: # 当地板跑到最大间隔的时候      floor_x = floor_x + floor_gap # 刷新地板的x轴    else:      floor_x -= 4 # 地板 x轴的移动速度    if abs(y_shift) == max_y_shift: # 如果y_shift的绝对值 = 最大幅度      bird_y_vel *= -1 # 调转方向飞 同时飞行速度为1    else:      bird_y += bird_y_vel    y_shift += bird_y_vel # 小鸟y轴正负交替 上下飞    # 小鸟翅膀    idx += 1 # 翅膀煽动频率    idx %= len(frame_seq) # 通过取余得到 0 1 2    frame_index = frame_seq[idx] # 小鸟图片的下标 就是翅膀的状态    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['bgpic'], (0, 0))    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['floor'], (floor_x, FLOOR_H))    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['guide'], (guide_x, guide_y))    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['bird'][frame_index], (bird_x, bird_y))    pygame.display.update()    CLOCK.tick(FPS) # 以每秒30帧刷新屏幕def game_window():  SOUNDS['world_clear'].stop()  SOUNDS['main'].play()  score = 0  floor_gap = IMAGES['floor'].get_width() - MAP_WIDTH # 地板间隙 336 - 288 = 48  floor_x = 0  # 小鸟位置  bird_x = MAP_WIDTH * 0.2  bird_y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.5 - IMAGES['bird'][0].get_height() / 2  bird = Bird(bird_x, bird_y)  n_pair = round(MAP_WIDTH / PIPE_DISTANCE) # 四舍五入取整数 屏幕宽度/两个管道之间的距离 这个距离时候刷新第二个管道 2.4  pipe_group = pygame.sprite.Group() # 是一个集合  # 生成前面的管道  pipe_x = MAP_WIDTH  pipe_y = random.randint(PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE[0], PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE[1]) # 管道长度随机从153.6 到 358.4  pipe1 = Pipe(pipe_x, pipe_y, upwards=True) # 创建一个管道对象  pipe_group.add(pipe1) # 将对象添加到这个精灵集合里面  pipe2 = Pipe(pipe_x, pipe_y - random.choice(PIPE_GAPS), upwards=False) # 翻转的管道  pipe_group.add(pipe2)  SOUNDS['flap'].play()  while True:    flap = False    for event in pygame.event.get():      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:        quit()      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: # 空格拍翅膀        SOUNDS['flap'].play()        flap = True    bird.update(flap)    if floor_x <= -floor_gap: # 当地板跑到最大间隔的时候      floor_x = floor_x + floor_gap # 刷新地板的x轴    else:      floor_x -= 4 # 地板 x轴的移动速度    # 生成最后一个管道    if len(pipe_group) / 2 < n_pair: # 当管道组长度<2.4 时 意思就是两个半管道的时候      # sprites()将管道组返回成列表      last_pipe = pipe_group.sprites()[-1]      pipe_x = last_pipe.rect.right + PIPE_DISTANCE      pipe_y = random.randint(PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE[0], PIPE_HEIGHT_RANGE[1])      pipe1 = Pipe(pipe_x, pipe_y, upwards=True)      pipe_group.add(pipe1)      pipe2 = Pipe(pipe_x, pipe_y - random.choice(PIPE_GAPS), upwards=False)      pipe_group.add(pipe2)    pipe_group.update()    # 鸟的矩形y坐标如果大于地板的高度 就死亡    # pygame.sprite.spritecollideany 碰撞函数 如果bird和pipe_group碰撞了 就死亡    if bird.rect.y > FLOOR_H or bird.rect.y < 0 or pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(bird, pipe_group):      SOUNDS['score'].stop()      SOUNDS['main'].stop()      SOUNDS['hit'].play()      SOUNDS['die'].play()      SOUNDS['death'].play()      # 保存死亡时的鸟儿 分数 管道 继续显示在结束窗口      result = {'bird': bird, 'score': score, 'pipe_group': pipe_group}      return result    # 当小鸟左边大于 管道右边就得分    if pipe_group.sprites()[0].rect.left == 0:      SOUNDS['score'].play()      score += 1    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['bgpic'], (0, 0))    pipe_group.draw(SCREEN)    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['floor'], (floor_x, FLOOR_H))    SCREEN.blit(bird.image, bird.rect)    show_score(score)    pygame.display.update()    CLOCK.tick(FPS)def end_window(result):  # 显示gameover的图片  gameover_x = MAP_WIDTH * 0.5 - IMAGES['gameover'].get_width() / 2  gameover_y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.4  bird = result['bird']  pipe_group = result['pipe_group']  while True:    for event in pygame.event.get():      if event.type == pygame.QUIT:        quit()      elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE and bird.rect.y > FLOOR_H:        SOUNDS['death'].stop()        return    # 使用类go_die方法 鸟儿撞墙后 旋转往下    bird.go_die()    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['bgpic'], (0, 0))    pipe_group.draw(SCREEN)    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['floor'], (0, FLOOR_H))    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['gameover'], (gameover_x, gameover_y))    show_score(result['score'])    SCREEN.blit(bird.image, bird.rect)    pygame.display.update()    CLOCK.tick(FPS)# 显示得分def show_score(score):  score_str = str(score)  w = IMAGES['numbers'][0].get_width()  x = MAP_WIDTH / 2 - 2 * w / 2  y = MAP_HEIGHT * 0.1  for number in score_str: # IMAGES['numbers'] = [pygame.image.load(number) for number in NUMBERS]    SCREEN.blit(IMAGES['numbers'][int(number)], (x, y))    x += wclass Bird(pygame.sprite.Sprite):  def __init__(self, x, y):    # super(Bird, self).__init__(x, y)    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)    self.frames = IMAGES['bird'] # 鸟儿框架    self.frame_list = [0] * 5 + [1] * 5 + [2] * 5 + [1] * 5 # 控制小鸟翅膀运动上中下    self.frame_index = 0    self.image = self.frames[self.frame_list[self.frame_index]] # 和菜单界面小鸟扇翅膀一个原理    self.rect = self.image.get_rect() # 鸟儿的矩形    self.rect.x = x    self.rect.y = y    self.gravity = 1 # 重力    self.flap_acc = -10 # 翅膀拍打往上飞 y坐标-10    self.y_vel = -10 # y坐标的速度    self.max_y_vel = 15 # y轴下落最大速度    self.rotate = 0 # 脑袋朝向    self.rotate_vel = -3 # 转向速度    self.max_rotate = -30 # 最大转向速度    self.flap_rotate = 45 # 按了空格只会脑袋朝向上30度  def update(self, flap=False):    if flap:      self.y_vel = self.flap_acc # 拍打翅膀 则y速度-10向上      self.rotate = self.flap_rotate    else:      self.rotate = self.rotate + self.rotate_vel    self.y_vel = min(self.y_vel + self.gravity, self.max_y_vel)    self.rect.y += self.y_vel # 小鸟向上移动的距离    self.rorate = max(self.rotate + self.rotate_vel, self.max_rotate)    self.frame_index += 1 # 扇翅膀的速率    self.frame_index %= len(self.frame_list) # 0~20    self.image = self.frames[self.frame_list[self.frame_index]]    self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.rotate) # transform变形方法 旋转  def go_die(self):    if self.rect.y < FLOOR_H:      self.y_vel = self.max_y_vel      self.rect.y += self.y_vel      self.rotate = -90      self.image = self.frames[self.frame_list[self.frame_index]]      self.image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.rotate)# 管道类class Pipe(pygame.sprite.Sprite):  def __init__(self, x, y, upwards=True):    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)    self.x_vel = -4 # 管道移动速度    # 默认属性为真 则是正向管道    if upwards:      self.image = IMAGES['pipe'][0]      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()      self.rect.x = x      self.rect.top = y    # 利用flip方法 旋转管道成为反向管道    else:      self.image = IMAGES['pipe'][1]      self.rect = self.image.get_rect()      self.rect.x = x      self.rect.bottom = y  def update(self):    self.rect.x += self.x_vel # 管道x轴加移动速度    if self.rect.right < 0:      self.kill()if __name__ == '__main__':  main()