自学教程：通过python读取txt文件和绘制柱形图的实现代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from datetime import datetimeimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties font_set = FontProperties(fname=r"c:/windows/fonts/simsun.ttc", size=12)address = "D:/XXXXXX/"patient = "XXXXX"year = '2020' # or 2020txt_address = address + patient + "/timetable.txt"filename = address + patient + "/newTimeTable.txt" # 保存的txt地址 # 读取txt的相应内容def showLabel():  content = []  label = []  rawtime = []   with open(txt_address, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:    lines = f.readlines() # 返回的是列表   print("文件的行数:%d" % len(lines))   for line in lines:    content_value = line.split(sep=',') # 分为[0]和[1]    time_value = content_value[0].split(sep=year)    content_value = content_value[1].split(sep='/n')    temp_time = year + time_value[-1]    rawtime.append(temp_time)    content.append(content_value[0])   # 去掉第一行的line和转换label  for i in range(1, len(lines)): # range是左闭右开    number = int(content[i])    if number == 4:      label_value = 1 # label 1 表示癫痫发作    elif number == 1:      label_value = 0 # label 0 表示数据缺失    else:      label_value = -1 # label -1 表示非癫痫发作    label.append(label_value)   del rawtime[0] # 去掉第一行的line  length = len(lines)  return label, rawtime, length # 计算时间差def getTimeSpan(new_label,time,length):  time_span = []  time_label = []  temp = datetime.strptime(time[0], "%Y-%m-%d  %H：%M：%S")  for i in range(0, length - 2):    if new_label[i] != new_label[i + 1]:      end_time = datetime.strptime(time[i + 1], "%Y-%m-%d  %H：%M：%S")      diff = end_time - temp      temp = end_time      # time_span.append(diff) 标准化时间      time_span.append(round(diff.total_seconds() / 60, 2)) # 保留两位小数      time_label.append(new_label[i])   return time_span, time_label # 画图，按照标签内容给图上色def showTimeandLabel(time_span,time_label):  Yanse = []  for i in time_label:    if i == 0:      yanse = 'blue'    elif i == -1:      yanse = 'gray'    else:      yanse = 'red'    Yanse.append(yanse)   plt.bar(range(len(time_span)), time_span, width=0.8, tick_label=time_label, color=Yanse)  plt.xlabel('标签', fontproperties=font_set)  plt.ylabel("持续时间（分钟）", fontproperties=font_set)  plt.title("patient: " + patient, size=20)   plt.ylim(0, 120)  plt.show() # 保存到txtdef txtSave(time_span, time_label):  # w:向文件中写入内容时，会先清空原文件中的内容，  with open(filename, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:    line_number = len(time_label)    for i in range(line_number):      f.write(str(time_label[i])+"              "+str(time_span[i]))      f.write("/n")def main():  new_label, time, length = showLabel()  time_span, time_label = getTimeSpan(new_label, time, length)  txtSave(time_span, time_label)  showTimeandLabel(time_span, time_label) if __name__ == '__main__':  main()