自学教程：python利用xpath爬取网上数据并存储到django模型中

from django.db import modelsfrom uuslug import slugifyimport uuidimport osdef products_directory_path(instance, filename):  ext = filename.split('.')[-1]  filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext)  # return the whole path to the file  return os.path.join('images', "products", instance.title, filename)def product_relatedimage_directory_path(instance, filename):  ext = filename.split('.')[-1]  filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext)  # return the whole path to the file  return os.path.join('images', "product_relatedimage", instance.product.title, filename)class ProductsCategory(models.Model):  """产品分类"""  name = models.CharField('产品分类名', max_length=80, unique=True)  description = models.TextField('产品分类描述', blank=True, null=True)  slug = models.SlugField('slug', max_length=80, blank=True, null=True)  parent_category = models.ForeignKey('self', verbose_name="父级分类", blank=True, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)  def save(self, *args, **kwargs):    if not self.id or not self.slug:      self.slug = slugify(self.name)    super().save(*args, **kwargs)  def __str__(self):    return self.name  class Meta:    ordering = ['name']    verbose_name = "产品分类"    verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass ProductsTag(models.Model):  """产品标签"""  name = models.CharField('产品标签名', max_length=30, unique=True)  slug = models.SlugField('slug', max_length=40)  def __str__(self):    return self.name  def save(self, *args, **kwargs):    if not self.id or not self.slug:      self.slug = slugify(self.name)    super().save(*args, **kwargs)  class Meta:    ordering = ['name']    verbose_name = "产品标签"    verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass Product(models.Model):  title = models.CharField('标题', max_length=255, unique=True)  slug = models.SlugField('slug', max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)  jscs = models.TextField('技术参数', blank=True, null=True)  image = models.ImageField(upload_to=products_directory_path, verbose_name="产品图片")  views = models.PositiveIntegerField('浏览量', default=0)  category = models.ForeignKey('ProductsCategory', verbose_name='分类', on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True)  tags = models.ManyToManyField('ProductsTag', verbose_name='标签集合', blank=True)  def save(self, *args, **kwargs):    if not self.id or not self.slug:      self.slug = slugify(self.title)    super().save(*args, **kwargs)  def update_views(self):    self.views += 1    self.save(update_fields=['views'])  def get_pre(self):    return Product.objects.filter(id__lt=self.id).order_by('-id').first()  def get_next(self):    return Product.objects.filter(id__gt=self.id).order_by('id').first()  def __str__(self):    return self.title  class Meta:    verbose_name = "产品"    verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass ProductAdvantage(models.Model):  content = models.TextField('产品优势', blank=True, null=True)  product = models.ForeignKey(Product, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True)  def __str__(self):    return self.content  class Meta:    verbose_name = "产品优势"    verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass ProductBody(models.Model):  body = models.CharField('产品内容', max_length=256, blank=True, null=True)  product = models.ForeignKey(Product, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True)  def __str__(self):    return self.product.title  class Meta:    verbose_name = "产品内容"    verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

def get_one_page(url):  try:    headers = {      "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.103 Safari/537.36"}    res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)    res.encoding = 'utf-8'    if res.status_code == 200:      return res.text    else:      return None  except Exception:    return None

if __name__ == '__main__':  content = get_one_page(url)  tree = etree.HTML(content)  # 产品分类url  catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')  # 处理catgory_urls  for url in catgory_urls:    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url    print(url)

if __name__ == '__main__':  content = get_one_page(url)  tree = etree.HTML(content)  # 产品分类  catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')  print("产品分类：" + catgory[0])  # 该分类下产品url  urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')  # 处理url  for url in urls:    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url    print(url)  print("=====================================================")

if __name__ == '__main__':  content = get_one_page(url)  tree = etree.HTML(content)  # 产品分类url  catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')  # 处理catgory_urls  for url in catgory_urls:    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url    content = get_one_page(url)    tree = etree.HTML(content)    # 产品分类    catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')    print("产品分类：" + catgory[0])    # 该分类下产品url    urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')    # 处理url    for url in urls:      url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url      print(url)    print("=====================================================")

if __name__ == '__main__':  content = get_one_page(url)  tree = etree.HTML(content)  # 产品名称  title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()')  images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src')  # 产品图片  images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com/' + images[0]  # 性能特点  xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()')  # 技术参数  jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0]  jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')  # 产品内容  cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')  print('产品名称:' + title[0])  print('产品图片:' + images_url)  for td in xntd:    print('性能特点:' + td)  print('技术参数:' + jscs_str)  for cp in cpnr:    # string(.) 获取当前标签下所有文本内容    cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')    print('产品内容:' + cp)  print('============================================')

if __name__ == '__main__':  content = get_one_page(url)  tree = etree.HTML(content)  # 产品分类url  catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')  # 处理catgory_urls  for url in catgory_urls:    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url    content = get_one_page(url)    tree = etree.HTML(content)    # 产品分类    catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')    # 该分类下产品url    urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')    # 处理url    for url in urls:      url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url      content = get_one_page(url)      try:        tree = etree.HTML(content)        # 产品名称        title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()')        images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src')        # 产品图片        images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + images[0]        # 性能特点        xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()')        # 技术参数        jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0]        jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')        # 产品内容        cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')        print("产品分类：" + catgory[0])        print('产品链接:' + url)        print('产品名称:' + title[0])        print('产品图片:' + images_url)        for td in xntd:          print('性能特点:' + td.strip())        # print('技术参数:' + jscs_str)        for cp in cpnr:          # string(.) 获取当前标签下所有文本内容          cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')          print('产品内容:' + cp)        print('============================================')      except Exception as e:        print(e)        print('出错url:' + url)        pass

import requestsfrom lxml.html import etreeimport osimport djangoimport uuidfrom django.core.files.base import ContentFileos.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "jiaobanzhan.settings")django.setup()from products.models import ProductBody, ProductsCategory, Product, ProductAdvantageurl = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com/product/hzshntjbz_1/'def get_one_page(url):  try:    headers = {      "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.103 Safari/537.36"}    res = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, timeout=10)    res.encoding = 'utf-8'    if res.status_code == 200:      return res.text    else:      return None  except Exception:    print('aa')    return Noneif __name__ == '__main__':  content = get_one_page(url)  tree = etree.HTML(content)  # 产品分类url  catgory_urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="fdh-01-nav"]/div/h3/a/@href')  # 处理catgory_urls  for url in catgory_urls:    url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url    content = get_one_page(url)    tree = etree.HTML(content)    # 产品分类    p_catgory = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03 b"]/h3/span/text()')    # 该分类下产品url    urls = tree.xpath('//div[@class="cplb-3n-ts-03-list"]/dl/dt/a/@href')    # 处理url    for url in urls:      url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + url      content = get_one_page(url)      try:        tree = etree.HTML(content)        # 产品名称        title = tree.xpath('//*[@id="wrap"]//h1/text()')        images = tree.xpath('//div[@class="sol_tj_left"]/a/img/@src')        # 产品图片        images_url = 'http://www.kexinjianji.com' + images[0]        # 性能特点        xntd = tree.xpath('//div[@class="w"]//div/span/text()|//div[@class="w"]//div/text()')        # 技术参数        jscs = tree.xpath('//table')[0]        jscs_str = etree.tostring(jscs, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')        # 产品内容        cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')        # 判断是否有这分类，没有则新建        catgory = p_catgory[0]        products_catgory = ProductsCategory.objects.filter(name=catgory).exists()        if products_catgory:          products_catgory = ProductsCategory.objects.get(name=catgory)        else:          products_catgory = ProductsCategory(name=catgory)          products_catgory.save()        print(products_catgory)        # 保存产品图片        image_content = requests.get(url=images_url)        ext = images_url.split('.')[-1] # 获取图片类型        filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid.uuid4().hex[:8], ext) # 随机生成图片名字        upload_image_file = ContentFile(image_content.content, name=filename) # 将图片保存为django类型        product = Product(title=title[0], jscs=jscs_str, image=upload_image_file, category=products_catgory)        product.save()        for td in xntd:          product_advantage = ProductAdvantage()          product_advantage.content = td          product_advantage.product = product          product_advantage.save()        for cp in cpnr:          cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')          product_body = ProductBody()          product_body.body = cp          product_body.product = product          product_body.save()      except Exception as e:        print(e)        print('出错url:' + url)

<div class="describe" style="position: relative;">    <p><span>板  宽：</span>1500mm</p>    <p><span>板  厚：</span>4.5 mm</p>    <p><span>出料口：</span>6口</p>    <p><span>重  量：</span>6000 kg</p></div>

//div[@class="describe"]/p/span/text()|//div[@class="describe"]/p/text()

cpnr = tree.xpath('//div[@class="describe"]/p')

cp = cp.xpath('string(.)')