自学教程：Python基础之内置模块详解

import os # 1. 获取当前脚本绝对路径"""abs_path = os.path.abspath(__file__)print(abs_path)""" # 2. 获取当前文件的上级目录"""base_path = os.path.dirname( os.path.dirname(路径) ）print(base_path)""" # 3. 路径拼接"""p1 = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx')print(p1)p2 = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx', 'oo', 'a1.png')print(p2)""" # 4. 判断路径是否存在"""exists = os.path.exists(p1)print(exists)""" # 5. 创建文件夹"""os.makedirs(路径)""""""path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx', 'oo', 'uuuu')if not os.path.exists(path):    os.makedirs(path)""" # 6. 是否是文件夹"""file_path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx', 'oo', 'uuuu.png')is_dir = os.path.isdir(file_path)print(is_dir) # Falsefolder_path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx', 'oo', 'uuuu')is_dir = os.path.isdir(folder_path)print(is_dir) # True""" # 7. 删除文件或文件夹"""os.remove("文件路径")""""""path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx')shutil.rmtree(path)"""

import os """data = os.listdir("/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/luffyCourse/day14/commons")print(data)# ['convert.py', '__init__.py', 'page.py', '__pycache__', 'utils.py', 'tencent']""" """要遍历一个文件夹下的所有文件，例如：遍历文件夹下的所有mp4文件""" data = os.walk("/Users/hqss/Documents/视频教程/路飞Python/mp4")for path, folder_list, file_list in data:    for file_name in file_list:        file_abs_path = os.path.join(path, file_name)        ext = file_abs_path.rsplit(".",1)[-1]        if ext == "mp4":            print(file_abs_path)

import shutil # 1. 删除文件夹"""path = os.path.join(base_path, 'xx')shutil.rmtree(path)""" # 2. 拷贝文件夹"""shutil.copytree("/Users/hqss/Desktop/图/csdn/","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/files")""" # 3.拷贝文件"""shutil.copy("/Users/hqss/Desktop/图/csdn/WX20201123-112406@2x.png","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/")shutil.copy("/Users/hqss/Desktop/图/csdn/WX20201123-112406@2x.png","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/x.png")""" # 4.文件或文件夹重命名"""shutil.move("/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/x.png","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/xxxx.png")shutil.move("/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/files","/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/CodeRepository/images")""" # 5. 压缩文件"""# base_name，压缩后的压缩包文件# format，压缩的格式，例如："zip", "tar", "gztar", "bztar", or "xztar".# root_dir，要压缩的文件夹路径"""# shutil.make_archive(base_name=r'datafile',format='zip',root_dir=r'files')  # 6. 解压文件"""# filename，要解压的压缩包文件# extract_dir，解压的路径# format，压缩文件格式"""# shutil.unpack_archive(filename=r'datafile.zip', extract_dir=r'xxxxxx/xo', format='zip')

import sys # 1. 获取解释器版本"""print(sys.version)print(sys.version_info)print(sys.version_info.major, sys.version_info.minor, sys.version_info.micro)""" # 2. 导入模块路径"""print(sys.path)"""

import sys print(sys.argv)  # [#       '/Users/hqss/PycharmProjects/luffyCourse/day14/2.接受执行脚本的参数.py'# ] # [#     "2.接受执行脚本的参数.py"# ] # ['2.接受执行脚本的参数.py', '127', '999', '666', 'wupeiqi'] # 例如，请实现下载图片的一个工具。 def download_image(url):    print("下载图片", url)  def run():    # 接受用户传入的参数    url_list = sys.argv[1:]    for url in url_list:        download_image(url)  if __name__ == '__main__':    run()

import random # 1. 获取范围内的随机整数v = random.randint(10, 20)print(v) # 2. 获取范围内的随机小数v = random.uniform(1, 10)print(v) # 3. 随机抽取一个元素v = random.choice([11, 22, 33, 44, 55])print(v) # 4. 随机抽取多个元素v = random.sample([11, 22, 33, 44, 55], 3)print(v) # 5. 打乱顺序data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]random.shuffle(data)print(data)

import hashlib hash_object = hashlib.md5()hash_object.update("武沛齐".encode('utf-8'))result = hash_object.hexdigest()print(result)

import hashlib hash_object = hashlib.md5("iajfsdunjaksdjfasdfasdf".encode('utf-8'))hash_object.update("武沛齐".encode('utf-8'))result = hash_object.hexdigest()print(result)

# Python中的数据类型的格式data = [    {"id": 1, "name": "武沛齐", "age": 18},    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},    ('wupeiqi',123),] # JSON格式value = '[{"id": 1, "name": "武沛齐", "age": 18}, {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},["wupeiqi",123]]'

import json data = [    {"id": 1, "name": "华青水上", "age": 18},    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},] res = json.dumps(data)print(res) # '[{"id": 1, "name": "/u6b66/u6c9b/u9f50", "age": 18}, {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18}]' res = json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False)print(res) # '[{"id": 1, "name": "华青水上", "age": 18}, {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18}]'

import json data_string = '[{"id": 1, "name": "华青水上", "age": 18}, {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18}]' data_list = json.loads(data_string) print(data_list)

 +-------------------+---------------+    | Python            | JSON          |    +===================+===============+    | dict              | object        |    +-------------------+---------------+    | list, tuple       | array         |    +-------------------+---------------+    | str               | string        |    +-------------------+---------------+    | int, float        | number        |    +-------------------+---------------+    | True              | true          |    +-------------------+---------------+    | False             | false         |    +-------------------+---------------+    | None              | null          |    +-------------------+---------------+  data = [    {"id": 1, "name": "武沛齐", "age": 18},    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},]

import jsonfrom decimal import Decimalfrom datetime import datetime data = [    {"id": 1, "name": "武沛齐", "age": 18, 'size': Decimal("18.99"), 'ctime': datetime.now()},    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18, 'size': Decimal("9.99"), 'ctime': datetime.now()},]  class MyJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):    def default(self, o):        if type(o) == Decimal:            return str(o)        elif type(o) == datetime:            return o.strftime("%Y-%M-%d")        return super().default(o)  res = json.dumps(data, cls=MyJSONEncoder)print(res)

import json data = [    {"id": 1, "name": "武沛齐", "age": 18},    {"id": 2, "name": "alex", "age": 18},] file_object = open('xxx.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') json.dump(data, file_object) file_object.close()

import json file_object = open('xxx.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') data = json.load(file_object)print(data) file_object.close()

import time # 获取当前时间戳（自1970-1-1 00:00）v1 = time.time()print(v1) # 时区v2 = time.timezone # 停止n秒，再执行后续的代码。time.sleep(5)

from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta v1 = datetime.now()  # 当前本地时间print(v1) tz = timezone(timedelta(hours=7))  # 当前东7区时间v2 = datetime.now(tz)print(v2) v3 = datetime.utcnow()  # 当前UTC时间print(v3)

from datetime import datetime, timedelta v1 = datetime.now()print(v1) # 时间的加减v2 = v1 + timedelta(days=140, minutes=5)print(v2) # datetime类型 + timedelta类型

from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta v1 = datetime.now()print(v1) v2 = datetime.utcnow()  # 当前UTC时间print(v2) # datetime之间相减，计算间隔时间（不能相加）data = v1 - v2print(data.days, data.seconds / 60 / 60, data.microseconds) # datetime类型 - datetime类型# datetime类型 比较 datetime类型

# 字符串格式的时间  ---> 转换为datetime格式时间text = "2021-11-11"v1 = datetime.strptime(text,'%Y-%m-%d') # %Y 年，%m，月份，%d，天。print(v1)

# datetime格式 ----> 转换为字符串格式v1 = datetime.now()val = v1.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")print(val)

# 时间戳格式 --> 转换为datetime格式ctime = time.time() # 11213245345.123v1 = datetime.fromtimestamp(ctime)print(v1)

# datetime格式 ---> 转换为时间戳格式v1 = datetime.now()val = v1.timestamp()print(val)